Knowledge of the ultrasonographic anatomy of the lower extremity arteries and the corresponding anatomical landmarks is essential for performing Doppler US.
Pulsed-wave Doppler US can show the exact flow velocity of each arterial segment and determine the degree of severity of the stenosis based on an analysis of the pulsed-wave Doppler spectral waveform. Color Doppler US can easily identify arteries by finding round objects with regular pulsation and can be used to detect stenotic or occluded segments. Doppler US is a good method for screening and follow-up, as well as for the definitive diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. Doppler US is the only noninvasive technique that does not require contrast enhancement, preparation of the patient before the study, or radiation exposure. Conventional angiography is used for vascular interventions such as angioplasty or stent application, as well as in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease.
CT angiography has some advantages, such as a shorter examination time, the ability to evaluate the iliac artery, and the fact that it is less affected by the operator’s experience. Three-dimensional CT angiography provides information about atherosclerotic calcifications and the extent of stenosis or occlusion of the arteries. Imaging modalities for evaluating peripheral arterial disease in the lower extremities include computed tomography (CT) angiography, conventional angiography, and Doppler ultrasonography (US).
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